This ground-breaking report from 2008 (cited over 300 times) argued that reliance on traditional ‘end-of-pipe’ environmental technologies is not enough to tackle the ecological and climate crisis. In contrast, eco-innovation means the creation of novel and competitively priced goods, processes, systems, services, and procedures that can satisfy human needs and bring quality of life to all people with a minimal use of natural resources per unit of output and a minimal release of toxic substances.